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Synthetic Division – Method, Definition With Examples

Jo-ann Caballes

Updated on January 11, 2024

Every child embarks on a mathematical journey, and as they ascend the ladder, they encounter various techniques and methods. Here at Brighterly, we believe in illuminating these methods in the most engaging manner. Synthetic division is one such enchanting technique in polynomial arithmetic. This method, akin to a magical shortcut, allows young learners to swiftly navigate the maze of polynomials. In this article, we’ll demystify the method, its definition, and its application, ensuring that every Brighterly student gains confidence and competence in this topic.

What Is Synthetic Division?

Synthetic division is an alternative and often quicker method to the traditional polynomial long division. Especially used when dividing polynomials by binomials of the form (x – c), it is a technique that’s crucial in simplifying expressions, factoring, and even evaluating polynomials. But what’s more intriguing? It’s also a method that offers a lot of insight into the behavior of polynomials, and it’s one of the first advanced math techniques kids can learn to speed up their polynomial arithmetic.

Definition of Synthetic Division

At its core, synthetic division is a shorthand method of dividing two polynomials. While it’s primarily used for dividing polynomials by linear divisors, its method presents a systematic approach that avoids the algebraic notation often involved in polynomial long division. It’s like giving kids a magic wand that helps them bypass much of the detailed work, leading straight to the answer.

How Does Synthetic Division Work? – Explaining the Method

Imagine you have a polynomial and you want to divide it by a binomial. Instead of writing out the entire equation, you simply jot down the coefficients of the polynomial. Using a series of operations, you work your way down, performing multiplication and addition to arrive at the quotient and remainder. It’s almost like an assembly line for division! A visual representation, often referred to as the synthetic division tableau, guides the process. The step-by-step layout and the systematic approach make this method highly intuitive, especially for visual learners.

Properties of Synthetic Division

The fascinating aspect of synthetic division is its properties:

1. Consistency: Whether you’re dividing a third-degree polynomial or a seventh-degree one, the method remains consistent.
2. Linearity: The entire process only involves basic arithmetic operations.
3. Deterministic: No guessing is required; you follow the process and arrive at the answer.

Advantages of Using Synthetic Division Over Long Division

Synthetic division shines in its simplicity and efficiency. It requires fewer steps than long division, making it less prone to calculation errors. For students, especially children, this method feels more approachable. Not to mention, when used for factorization or evaluating a polynomial at a given point, synthetic division proves to be faster and more intuitive.

Difference Between Synthetic Division and Long Division

While both methods aim to divide polynomials, they differ in their approach. Long division emulates the classic arithmetic division we learn in elementary school, but synthetic division takes a tabular approach, focusing on coefficients and streamlining the process. Long division gives a detailed step-by-step breakdown, while synthetic division offers a quick shortcut.

Equations in Synthetic Division

One important aspect to note is that synthetic division is applicable mainly when dividing by first-degree polynomials. So, the general equation looks like: $P(x)=Q(x)\times (x-c)+R$ Here, $P(x)$ is the original polynomial, $Q(x)$ is the quotient, $(x-c)$ is the linear divisor, and $R$ is the remainder.

Conclusion

Synthetic division isn’t merely a method; it’s an insight into the fascinating world of polynomials. It encapsulates the essence of what we at Brighterly aim to instill in every child: the belief that mathematics isn’t about tedious calculations, but about understanding, patterns, and beauty. We hope this guide has illuminated the pathway of synthetic division for our young learners. Keep exploring, keep learning, and remember, the world of math is brighter with Brighterly!

Frequently Asked Questions on Synthetic Division

Why is it called ‘Synthetic Division’?

The term ‘synthetic’ often refers to something that is produced artificially, which in mathematical context signifies a condensed or simplified method. In the case of synthetic division, it provides a synthesized, compact way to tackle polynomial division, thereby making the process feel ‘artificially’ simplified.

Can I use synthetic division for any divisor?

Primarily, synthetic division shines when dealing with linear divisors, especially those of the form $x-c$. Using it for higher-degree divisors is possible but becomes increasingly complex and may negate the benefits of the method’s simplicity.

Is synthetic division universally taught?

Different curriculums around the world have varying focuses. While synthetic division is popular due to its streamlined process, it’s not universally adopted. However, at Brighterly, we believe in exposing students to a multitude of methods, ensuring they’re equipped with the best tools for their mathematical journey.

Jo-ann Caballes

7 articles

As a seasoned educator with a Bachelor’s in Secondary Education and over three years of experience, I specialize in making mathematics accessible to students of all backgrounds through Brighterly. My expertise extends beyond teaching; I blog about innovative educational strategies and have a keen interest in child psychology and curriculum development. My approach is shaped by a belief in practical, real-life application of math, making learning both impactful and enjoyable.